Uncertainty & Sam Shepard Essay Example for Free

Uncertainty Sam Shepard Essay ‘Coalinga 1/2 way’ by Sam Shepard is an interesting portrayal of the nature of writing that is characteristic for this author. Part of a book that contains a series of similar stories, this short narrative is an emblem of the phenomena of uncertainty. It not only talks about this state for one person, but actually, for life in general. A feeling of intense solitude and pessimism is a distinguishing feature in the story. It primarily features the emotional state of a person, who has just left his wife and child for his lover; the latter on the other hand is to leave with her husband – something that is disclosed only at the end. The story depicts the immense emotional challenge of being at a crossroad in life, and having to choose between two ways that go completely opposite. Initially, the dilemma of the wife of the lead character is shown, accompanied by his unsure nature. He only resorts to telling her that he has left after he has left the house and is half way to his second destiny. This in turn tells us that not only he lacks sense of decision, but also the courage to disclose what he really feels. A similar trait is reflected when the wife insists that the child be told about this venture by the father himself. So it turns out that the gentlemen did not muster up the required nerves to disclose it to his family members in person. This also depicts the shallow and under confident nature of the person. Though it is a decision that he has taken which is anybody’s right, but he seems afraid of facing the consequences and hence he has restrained himself from explaining this to his wife on her face. He was uncertain about the reaction of the wife and hence he thought of doing it on the telephone. A hidden feeling of insecurity is also visible through this act. For if it were to be assumed that his act is the best way to go forward, then he should have not considered it right to do it in a sort of hideout. The story then takes its turn towards its end when we realize that the lady for whom he has left his family, is not willing to do the same with him; she already has plans with her husband. Here, he is left hanging, and asks the symbolic last question, â€Å"Where am I supposed to go? † The overall defeatist attitude, and the ultimate failure of this person speaks of how the author tends to portray the nature of his actions. It seems that the scriber does not agree with the decision that he has made, and thus ultimately punishes him to be left standing nowhere. With a negative impression overall, and dejected members of the story in total, the all encompassing picture presented in the story is that of not being sure as to which way life is going to turn the next moment. It seems that the author has projected his own feelings of uncertainty upon his main character, and has voiced through his emotions and words, his own question towards life; why do things not happen as per our plans? Though answers are not given for this question in the story, it is stated vehemently that our decisions can not be fulfilled as per our desires. Whether the wish is constructive or otherwise, what is important is that things did not turn out as were planned, leaving him at an unknown juncture in his life. With a mixture his lack of conviction, failure to decide convincingly and inability to face the music, the only grounds that he finds himself are uncertain ones. One is left with the feeling at the end, that if at such a crucial crossroad in life, things cannot go as we want them to, then what really is the true purpose and meaning of life. In all, nothing in life, seems for sure!

Social Effects Of The Industrial Revolution

Social Effects Of The Industrial Revolution Industrial means using machines to produce. Revolution means changing things upside down. (Hepplewhite and Campbell,2002) The Industrial Revolution brought about the systems of production and the production way had changed from home-based hand manufacturing to large-scale factory. It was took place in England in the late 18th century. It is a production and technological revolution. The invention of machinery and application as a symbol of this era. The great turning points in human history may be the British Industrial Revolution (Holmes, 2000). The technological change the kinds of different creation of new knowledge (Mokyr, 1999). In the eighteenth century people who lived in Britain earning by work on the land. The conditions of life and labour had changed in small difference of configuration, sub-soil and climate. Some earlier inventions failed because of incomplete ideas, other better materials were not to hand because of lack of skill on workers (Ashton, 1961). In the middle o f the 18th century, the British bourgeois revolutionaries overthrew the British feudal autocracy. The constitutional monarchy system was established. The Britain became the first country which the bourgeoisie dominated the nation in the world. As a result, the prerequisite of Industrial Revolution was promoted during this time. This report will describe the causes of the Industrial Revolution and effects on social life during the Industrial Revolution. It will be divided into three parts. Firstly, analysis the cause of the Industrial Revolution. Secondly, outline the effects of Industrial Revolution on social. Thirdly, the inventions during the Industrial Revolution will be evaluated. 2. Analysis the Cause of Industrial Revolution The population increased in the 18th century (Oakland, 2006). The people had to look for more food and goods. The agricultural economy had changed into industrial country. People had to find new ways to increase production. Therefore, the people who came from the countries were looking for the jobs in city factories. Some of the villages fields had became into the manufacturing centres (Oakland, 2006). The new inventions New machines were invented during that time. The production of farms and factories ways had changed. So the production was increased more quickly than before (Hepplewhite and Campbell, 2002). For example, the spinning jenny which was invented by James Hargreaves could spin 120 threads at one time (Hepplewhite and Campbell, 2002). And James Watt invented the steam engine using it to create new form of powering. The new inventions changed the production ways and many inventions from this period are still used in modern society. The colonies overseas and labour The overseas colonies were set up by the Europeans and the cheap labour could get easily from the colonies. This increased the speed of the production and they could sell more goods. They could also get cheaper raw materials from the colonies to produce cheaper goods (Mokyr, 1999). Many factory workers were children. The supervisors were treated them badly and they had to worked for long time everyday. The children were young and they had earned few pence to afford food. The labour had suffered the worse living condition during that time. The capitalists expand their business In order to earn much money, the capitalists had to expand their business and produce more goods. They needed to find a quicker way to produce more goods. The capitalists who played important roles and helped the Industrial Revolution grow speedy. They became one of the most powerful forces in Britain, squeezing more surplus value out of the labour (Yale, 2010). The feudalism and monopoly were ended The Europe feudalism and the monopoly of the upper classes were ended. People could have opportunity to involving in more trades. The reason why they need of goods increased was that they had to earn much money and more goods. They wanted the factories to produce goods faster so that they could get more goods.( Mokyr, 1999) 3. The Industrial Revolution Effects on the Social Advantages 3.1.1 The capitalism The capitalism possibly was grown by the technology change (Science Encyclopaedia, 2010). Before the Industrial Revolution, the people who lived in Britain might suffer from the worse quality of living conditions. The industrialist affected the decline of the traditional handicraft. Some scientists had come up with mind and invented several new productions. Owing to the new inventions, the facilities of production were improved. The factories used the latest facilities to produce and benefited from the technology changed. The system of manufacturing promoted the capitalism built up during the Industrial Revolution (Freeman, 2010). 3.1.2 Social structure The nations social structure was changed during the revolution (Science Encyclopaedia, 2010). Before the Revolution the majority of the people lived in small villages, working in agriculture or workshops. Their hands were treated as working tools in that time. In fact, about three quarters of Britains population lived in the countryside, and the predominant occupation was farming (Foster, 1979).However, during the industrial revolution there were many people worked at the new factories. These have to move to towns and cities in order to be close to their new jobs. It also meant that they worked for a long time but got the less money from the industrialists. As the 75% of early workers were women and children, they had to send out to work (Stearns, 1991). Most classes ultimately benefited from the huge proceeds that were being made, and most workers were got better wages by 1820. 3.1.3 The new mode of production and technology The advanced mode of production and technology had spread all over the world, the old system and ideas were impacted. Factory owners controlled the means of production rapidly became rich. The new technologies inspired the economic growth. As a result, the goods produced and a demand for raw materials which through Europe increased during the 19th century (Haberman). Some of these European countries led nations to look for colonies abroad in which to trade and produce goods. Many of these countries around the world accepted the industrial ideas, the new mode of production and technology were used gradually in the rest of the world. Disadvantages 3.2.1 Pollution With the development of the industrialization and urbanization, both of the developed and the developing countries started to exploit the natural resources. For example, in the energy field, the coal, oil and gas are both to support the factories and run their transport system. The coal as the main source of energy in the factories at the time used. In order to run the machines, the workers should make the coal burnt to heat the water which could power the steam engines. Large amounts of carbon particles were released into the atmosphere (Oracle). Water pollution was another prime problem during the time of the revolution. The factories dumped the toxic industrial refuse into the rivers thereby contaminating the water system. The industrial revolution had been beneficial to the economy, raising standards of life style and producing new goods. But it had also brought about some problems in the ecological system of earth (Oracle). 3.2.2 Overpopulation Population, its growth, stability or decline, and its relationship to economic growth (Hartwell, 1971). Because of the Industrial Revolution, many factories employed the labour to work and the people who lived in the countries wanted to move to the city for jobs. Due to the Industrial Revolution, the population growth in eighteenth century and probably increased 75 per cent over the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries (Hartwell, 1971). 3.2.3 The poor sanitary condition Approximately 50% of infants were died before the age of two during the early Industrial Revolution (Stearns, 1991). Their working hours were longer. The working hours usually from six in the morning until eight-thirty in the evening. A six-day week was not uncommon. Work places were often poorly ventilated, over-crowded, and replete with safety hazards. Men, women, and children were employed at survival wages in dangerous and unhealthy environments. The Miserable working condition and the different kinds of pollution affected the peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s health (Foster, 1979). The Important Inventions during the Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution was created some significant scientific inventions which were led to the mechanization of the textile industry, improved railway networks and improvement of iron making techniques. There are some inventions still used in modern times (Holmes, 2000). 4.1 Spinning Jenny James Hargreavesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Spinning Jenny in 1766. The first machines could only spin 8 threads but were soon improved to spin 100 threads (Hepplewhite and Campbell, 2002). These machines were so small that working in the cottages and rapidly increased production. It is an important invention in the industrialization of the textile industry. 4.2 Water Frame Richard Arkwrightà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s water frame was a successful inventor. The water frame was bought by owners all over Britain (Hepplewhite and Campbell, 2002). The Water frame was a large wheel and it was turned by running water. This was made the machinery work in factories. This invention led to the building of a number of factories and is regarded as the promotion of the Industrial Revolutionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s development. 4.3 The Steam Engine In spite of the first steam engine was developed over fifty years before the industrial revolution, the Industrial Revolution had made a massive impact on improvements and revisions. James Watts development of the steam engine led to a great number of further developments. the new form of powering a machine could be used anywhere to create energy (Hepplewhite and Campbell, 2002). Conclusion To sum up, the Industrial Revolution was a real revolution. It had consolidated the dominant position of bourgeois. The Industrial Revolution changed the life of people and the way people lived for a long time. During the Industrial Revolution many people thought there were several negative effects but there were actually some positive effects in the Industrial Revolution. Furthermore, technology had spread all over the world and ideas had changed. Industrial Revolution was an outburst of new inventions in Britain and in other parts of the world. Many inventions from this period are still used today. During this time scientists and inventors changed the way humans thought, lived, and worked. It provided a better opportunity to express the opinions for someone who had new ideas. Because of the breakthroughs in science and manufacturing, a portion of society was able to grow healthier and wealthier. On the other hand, the new industrialization made the majority of society might pay the price. The successes of the technological changes were so profound internationally. So the Britain became the worlds leading power, as a result of the Industrial Revolution, for more than a century. The Industrial Revolution has a historic significance in these hundreds years. The people who lived in the developed countries but also the developed countries are benefited from the revolution. It is a meaningful revolution for Britain but as well in all over the world.

Humans Activity And Climate Change Environmental Sciences Essay

Humans Activity And Climate Change Environmental Sciences Essay Climate change has been occurring on the planet for billions of years since its inception. At different times it has been caused by a catastrophic global event or by the dynamic inner workings of the earth. These climate changes have been proven by science over long periods of time. The big question these days is whether human activity such as the burning of fossil fuels is a major contributor to the climate change of the planet In 2007, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, stated that human activities contribute to climate change by causing changes in Earths atmosphere in the amounts of greenhouse gases, aerosols (small particles), and cloudiness. The largest known contributing human activity comes from the burning fossil fuels that release carbon dioxide gas to the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases and aerosols affect climate by altering incoming solar radiation and outgoing infrared (thermal) radiation that are part of Earths energy balance. Along with the change in temperatures come heat waves, new wind patterns, worsening drought in some regions, heavier precipitation in others, melting glaciers and Arctic ice and rising global average sea levels. A collaborated effort by hundreds of climate experts and government representatives from 113 countries, believe that climate change is caused by human activities. Most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperature since the mid-twentieth century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic (human-caused) greenhouse gas concentrations. Climate change is real, rapid and humans are playing a large part in transitioning to a warmer world. Human Activity and Climate Change When I turn the television on, and surf the news channels I get a quick snap shot of the latest events that have unfolded. At any given time Ill be informed of the latest earthquake, tsunami, flood, tornado or drought thats taken place while I was away. I dont remember these uncommon events being in the news as often as they have been. Not only that but they have been more violent as well. The increases in these events are sure indicators that a climate change is occurring on the planet as we speak. Climate change is defined as any long-term significant change in the weather patterns of an area. This has been occurring on the planet for billions of years since its inception. At different times it has been caused by a catastrophic global event or by the dynamic inner workings of the earth. These climate changes have been proven by science over long periods of time. The big question these days is whether human activity such as the burning of fossil fuels is a major contributor to the climate change of the planet. (Desonie, 2012) Humans have reached a level of knowledge and technology that allows us to detect a change in climate, identify the causes and consequences for that change. For example, I live in Twentynine Palms, CA which is located in the Mojave Desert. Climate changes here show a slow warming of the Mojave and Sonoran Desert regions. This warming is altering rainfall and weather patterns, altering plant cover and productivity, plus affecting ecosystem functions and species distribution. Desert ecosystems are predominantly sensitive to changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide. Future rises in atmospheric carbon dioxide will affect rates of plant photosynthesis and water loss, and are predicted to increase efficiency and productivity in certain desert plants. Increased plant productivity, particularly the productivity of invasive grasses, will increase the occurrence of wildfires in the desert. Increased severe and persistent droughts are also predicted for these desert ecosystems. (Webb, 2009) So, sim ply said climate change is already having and will continue to have major implications for plants, wildlife species, and ecosystem processes in this particular region. In 2007, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, stated that human activities contribute to climate change by causing changes in Earths atmosphere in the amounts of greenhouse gases, aerosols (small particles), and cloudiness. The largest known contributing human activity comes from the burning fossil fuels that release carbon dioxide gas to the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases and aerosols affect climate by altering incoming solar radiation and outgoing infrared (thermal) radiation that are part of Earths energy balance. (Solomon, 2007) Along with the change in temperatures come heat waves, new wind patterns, worsening drought in some regions, heavier precipitation in others, melting glaciers and Arctic ice and rising global average sea levels. (Hogan, 2007) A collaborated effort by hundreds of climate experts and government representatives from 113 countries, believe that climate change is caused by human activities. Most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperature since the mid-twentieth century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic (human-caused) greenhouse gas concentrations. (Solomon, 2007) Climate change is real, rapid and humans are playing a large part in transitioning to a warmer world. Studies have shown that humans have been burning fossil fuel at an alarming rate. By burning fossil fuels to produce energy to run vehicles or provide electricity, we emit carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide has been scientifically proven to have harmful effects on the earths atmosphere. (Roach, 2007) The causes and effects of humans burning fossil fuels are easy to understand. By burning fossil fuels we emit carbon dioxide; carbon dioxide in turns depletes our ozone layer. The ozone helps block some of the suns heat and radiation. Without the ozone layer more sunlight, sun heat, and sun radiation reach the surface of the earth. This immediately means warmer temperatures. Warmer temperatures cause climate change. A very simple concept to understand yet the average individual seems to have a nonchalant attitude towards this fact. Granted natural climate change has been occurring for billions of years, but I believe that humans are greatly influencing the current climate change by our own activities. The industrial era for the human race began around 1750 and since this point in time we have been affecting the climate in many ways not known until recently. I also believe that humans are not concerned enough with the consequences that will result from our continued pollution of the earth, I am very surprised with the lack of urgency on our part. (Desonie, 2012) We produce four main greenhouse gases that possibly affect climate change, CO2 (carbon dioxide), CH4 (methane), N2O (nitrous oxide), and halocarbons. All of these types of gases contribute to the depletion of the atmosphere, but CO2, is the one mainly produced from the burning of fossil fuels. Levels of these gases have increased significantly since the industrial era, and are attributed to human activities. Changing the atmospheric abundance or properties of these gases and particles can lead to a warming or cooling of the climate system. (Solomon, 2007) Given the time and resources, there is no limit to what the human mind can do. Unfortunately, much of the knowledge and technology that has been used has had a negative impact on the environment. Yes, climate change is a natural occurring phenomenon as well but we have long been burning fossil fuels use before we understood the consequences. All pollution thats been levied upon the earth was cause by the human animal. So, my answer to the question of whether human activity, especially the burning of fossil fuels, is a major contributor to climate change is, yes, we are.

Derek Jarman’s film Blue Essay -- Film Movie Movies AIDS Essays

Derek Jarman’s film Blue I am a cock sucking Straight acting Lesbian man With ball crushing bad manners Laddish nymphomaniac politics Spunky sexist desires Of incestuous inversion and Incorrect terminology I am a Not Gay (Blue, Jarman; 1995: 119). In offering this extract from Derek Jarman’s film Blue, (England, 1993) I have established an expectation that this paper’s concern is with the sexual body of East End boot stomping, ball crushing queens. However, whilst this sequence has caught our imagination, my interest also lies in the analysis of the cinematic representation of the diseased and medicalised body of the artist affected by HIV/AIDS. However, in the film Blue, we see neither the diseased nor disappearing body of the filmmaker who has AIDS. Jarman’s body is embodied sonically rather than visually in the film, to counter retrogressive depictions of people living with HIV. Thus, Jarman’s depiction of the diseased body in Blue is inferred rather than seen.[1] This representation of the body may appear to be at odds with AIDS activist discourse, which has advocated at length for positive images of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA)[2] since the 1980s.[3] However, Derek Jarman’s strategy to challenge and derail the notion of visibility was also aligned with an impulse to visually represent his loss of optical vision due to HIV related illness. The strategy to deny the viewer a visual image of the person with AIDS was effectively a counterpoint to the saturation of images that was prevalent in early 1990s post modern culture.[4] The intersection between queer activist politics and post modernist culture was important to the practice of many western artists working around issues associated with HIV... ... Beauvais, Y 1992, AIDS A SIDA, film, France, 51/2 min Bordowitz, G 1993, Fast Trip, Long Drip, US, video, 56 min Cartwright, J 1993, There we are John: Derek Jarman interviewed by John Cartwright, UK, video, 30 min. Demme, J 1993, Philadelphia, film, US, 155 min Goldin, N & Coulthand, E 1996 I’ll be your Mirror, video, US, 52 min Haynes, T 1996, Safe, film, US, 118 min Hoolboom, M 1998, Panic Bodies, film, Canada, 70 min Jarman, D 1994, Blue, film, UK, 75 min Riggs, M 1991, Anthem, video, USA, 10min Spottiswoode, R , And The Band Played On, USA, film, 140min Tartaglia, J 1989, Eco Homo, USA, video, 7 min ------------1988, A.I.D.S.C.R.E.A.M., USA, video, 6 min Thew, A 1993, Cling Film, UK, film/video, 20min Thomas, I 1992,The Dreaming, UK, video, 13 min ------------1992, The Fading, UK, video, 5 min Von Trier, L 1987 Epidemic, Denmark, film, 105 min

Comparing the Intelligence of Women in Shelleys Frankenstein and Gould

Intelligence of Women in Shelley's Frankenstein and Gould's Women's Brains      Ã‚   Throughout history, women have always aimed for a recognized place in society. Centuries ago, people looked at the role of women in society as being sociologically inferior. Seeing the revival of the Feminist movement, which boldly opposes the stereotypical characteristics of women in society, on one hand, and promotes the elevation of women's status in society, on the other, one would not find it hard to believe the drastic differences in opinion of people on this issue. What is amazing is how these differences reflect upon scholarly works in science.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For example, in a play titled Frankenstein, based on a novel by Mary Shelley, Elizabeth Frankenstein is depicted as a woman of perfect and well-rounded personality in society. Taking into consideration that the novel was written in the 1817, when women were not even accepted as students in universities, as shown in the film, Mary Shelley presents Elizabeth Frankenstein both as a creative writer and a loving wife. Elizabeth   has deliberately symbolized Shelley's expectations of an independent woman. She is represented as intelligent, a creative writer, just like Mary Shelley herself, and a loving, caring and supporting wife. Also, in the novel, Elizabeth is portrayed as the type of woman, who always wants to strike a balance between work and family life. That is why, in her letters to Victor Frankenstein, she always reminds him to keep in touch with his family and write back to her. Mary Shelley's plot of portraying Elizabeth as a successful writer as shown in the film, a profession, then rather unusual for a woman and almost entirely dominated by males, suggest... ...e recognition, which Mary Shelley had always longed for in the nineteenth century.       Works Cited    Frankenstein by Mary Shelley. A play by Nick DiMartino, Direct. Moses Goldberg. Narr. Professor McNamar. Global Stage Production. WLIW21 Presentation. Class Movie.   HSS 100-022. Spring Semester, February 18, 2002. Gould, Stephen J. "Women's Brains." Fields of Reading. 6th ed. Ed. Nancy R. Comley et al. New York: St. Martin's, 2001. India, Sehat. "Women Are Biologically Superior to Men, Say Doctors." http://www.sehatindia.com/NEWS3.HTM Martin, Emily. "The Egg and the Sperm." Fields of Reading. 6th ed. Ed. Nancy R. Comley et al. New York: St. Martin's, 2001. Shelley, Mary.   "From   Frankenstein."   The Example of Science.   Ed. Robert E Lynch and Thomas B. Swanzey.   New York: Pearson Publishing, 2000.   152-156. Sohail 2   

Proctor and Gamble: No Links with Satanism Essay

Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is human nature to be easily lured into tales of the strange and the extraordinary. In fact, any person generally relishes on spinning tales of his/her own probably to attract attention, and for sheer fun, make others believe as if they were true. Nowhere is this more applicable than in the many instances of modern oral traditions. Stories such as the biggest snake reared as a twin of the daughter of the owner of the biggest mall in the city. That this huge snake got lost one day and swallowed one or two customers in the mall. This story has circulated in countless other malls and in plentiful variations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the case of one of the world’s biggest manufacturers of household materials, Procter and Gamble experienced one of the unforgettable rumors some malicious people spread in an obvious effort to pull them down. It was allegedly orchestrated by a rival corporation. What happened with Proctor and Gamble that it has suffered losses in business because it was accused of being involved in satanic activity? Just what is the nature of urban legends and its proliferation today inspite of modernism? This paper briefly describes and explains urban legends, the case on the Procter and Gamble and its supposedly satanic connection, and the veracity of the claims to the contrary by the management of the corporation. Discussion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Microsoft Encarta, urban legends refer to â€Å"contemporary stories that are set in an urban environment and reported as true (sometimes in newspapers) but that contain patterns and motifs that reveal their legendary character† (2006). Why people believe in them and the apparent failure to quash these stories are crucial to our deeper understanding of the nature of this phenomenon.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The myth and controversy that featured well the problem of P&G, gives people in the present time to adjust and â€Å"feel† that urban legends exemplify the fact that at times people would rather believe an unsubstantiated report, even stick to it in the face of obvious lack of proofs. Discussion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What is the case of the Proctor and Gamble company and reasons why the belief that it has satanic alliances? In all likelihood, there was truth to the fact that rival Amway Company made sure that this rumor will reach the public and might probably cause the public to pull out their product support from P&G. Before the controversy, P&G had many little rumors spreading like bush fire. It started with the logo – that of the thirteen stars among the head of a man with horns on his head and the news then communicated that it represented satanic occultism. Later many short stories around the same theme circulated already, i.e. that the CEO of P&G had arranged for an appearance in Donahue show, and supposedly spoke openly of his alliance with the satanic church. Many, after P&G won its lawsuit against Amway, still enjoy the way the story gets around. On a more serious note, what it had escalated to be, authoritarian voices say, was all a part of the fierce marketing approaches that had existed for a time now. After the rumor, approximately 200,000 inquiries were received by the company which all inquired on the satanic church alliance or its friendship with Rev.Sun Myung Moon (known as Moonies) that P&G was accused of. All these were not true because no evidences are available to establish that the P&G CEO or president had this affiliation. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many believe urban legends like what happened with Proctor and Gamble because they think that the strangeness of its logo, are proofs that something â€Å"fishy† is going on. The unstoppable proliferation of the story is deemed to be due to our curiosity of what unfamiliar things are to us. The P&G dilemma remains to be a continued reminder of again, lack of preparations which might probably due to the inconvenient manner of physical preparation. Works Cited Page _____ It’s Back:Rumors of Satanism plague Proctor and Gamble.    accessed june 21, 2007. ______ 5th circuit: Proctor and Gamble ant have another shot at Amway. Associated Praise. Marrs, Texx. Devil companies, Devil Products and Devil logos?    Accessed June 20, 2007.

Developing Promotional Strategies for Horticultural Products Essay

INTRODUCTION.The horticulture sub-sector of agriculture in Kenya has grown in the last ten dollar bill to blend a major un wish exchange earner, employer and contributor to regimen call for in the rustic. Currently the horticulture industry is the blistering growing agricultural subsector in the country and is ranked third in monetary value of foreign exchange earnings from exports after tourism and tea. Fruits, vegetable and cut kick production atomic number 18 the main aspects of horticultural production in Kenya. In this pen up, the horticultural products I result rivet on ar coriander, courgettes, cabbage, kales, spinach, indigenous vegetables like terere and managu, ginger, garlic, tomatoes and onions. These products go forth be directly sourced from my kindle in Kitengela.IDENTIFICATION OF THE INNATE autonomic nervous system ACQUIRED involveAccording to Boyd (2010) humans become motivated when a gather up is create that they have a desire to satisfy. These n ecessitate can be physiological in any eccentric person known as innate(p) e.g enquire for food, water, sex and cloths or they could be acquired call for which are learnt in response to an exclusives culture or surround e.g need for affection, self esteem or prestige. The above mentioned horticultural products are food products that satisfy necessitate in the initiative level of Maslows hierarchy of needs i.e the physiological needs. Moreover, through the right promotional material and promotion of these products, the acquired needs leave behind be salubrious-provided.THE PROMOTIONAL STRATEGIES BASED ON THESE NEEDSOrganizations map promotion to communicate with customers more or less products they offer beca intent promotion is one fractional of the communication process with customers. It works co-operatively with commercialise research in an iterative feedback intertwine so that the constantly changing requirements of users are met by promotional activities that target or even anticipate these expressed needs. advance involves making sure that customers are apprised of the products that the organization makes available to them. The objective of my promotional strategy is to provide information most my products, increase demand for these products and to differentiate the product. I go away design different publicise messages to be placed in authorized magazines like healthy eating magazines as wellspring as Saturday Nation newspaper magazine and television advertisment. Moreover, through the affectionate media i.e twitter and face book I volition advertise my products. These adverts will taper on the benefits that clients will get on consumption of my products.The advert will be designed in such a way that it brings out the different innate and acquired needs that will be met. bulk have to eat and eat genuine food that is well presented, I will therefore, do vocalise of mouth advertisement and attend networking forums for hort icultural products e.g the annual horticultural exhibitions says Wu (2012). As I display my products, I will ensure they are well packaged in clean, labeled packages so that as my purchase my products they are satisfied with the packaging thus meeting two their innate and acquired needs. According to derriere and Adel (1988), word-of-mouth is one of the most credible forms of publicizing because people who dont bag to gain personally by promoting something portion their reputations on the line every quantify they make a recommendation. In the drill of word of mouth advertising, I will incorporate brand advocates in this word of mouth ad.I will use personal selling as well. This will be one to one communication with a potential buyer. In this case the potential buyers I will centralise on for personal selling are the restaurants, schools, hospitals and hotels. I will therefore, employ the use of sales men and use experiential marketing in this case. I will hire a tele-mark eting detective who will make follow up calls to clients who purchase my products to get their feedback on areas that I need to improve on as the researcher identifies their unspoken needs as well as their spoken needs.REFERENCESBoyd, J.C (2010). Consumer Psychology. EnglandOpen University Press. Stern .L. W. & Adel I. E.(1988) Marketing Channels. Englewood Cliffs, N. J. Prentice Hall Inc.Wu, J. M ( 2012) Consumer Perception of quality for horticultural products and link up agricultural practices. OntarioGuelph.